于谷氨酸中有不对称碳原子,故形成几种立体异构体,较重要的是左旋谷氨酸(I谷氨酸)和外消旋谷氨酸(d/-谷氨酸),均无毒,其物化性质分述如下。左旋谷氨酸为白色鳞片状晶体。无臭,稍有特殊的滋味和酸味。呈微酸性。微溶于冷水,易溶于热水,几乎不溶于乙醚、丙酮和冷醋酸中,不溶于乙醇和甲醇。200℃升华,247~249℃分解。相对密度1. 538。本品与盐酸作用生成I一谷氨酸盐酸盐,与碱作用生成I一谷氨酸一钠。外消旋谷氨酸为白色结晶。微溶于乙醚、乙醇和石油醚。相对密度(d20)1. 4601。熔点225~227℃(分解)。右旋谷氨酸,由水析出为片状结晶体,熔点247~249℃(分解)。
本品主要用发酵法生产。以糖蜜或淀粉为原料,用谷氨酸棒杆菌,或小球菌,或节杆菌作菌种,以尿素为氮源,在30~32℃下进行发酵,发酵完毕,将发酵液分离出菌体后,用盐酸调节pH值至3.O时,作等电点提取,经分离得谷氨酸结晶,母液中的谷氨酸再经732离子交换树脂提取,经结晶、烘干,得成品。
左旋谷氨酸本身为药品,能治疗肝昏迷症,但疗效差。主要用于生产味精、香料,以及用作代盐剂、营养增补剂和生化试剂等。外消旋谷氨酸用于生产药物,也用作生化试剂等。
中文名 | 谷氨酸 |
英文名 | L-Glutamic acid |
别名 | 麸氨酸 谷氨酸 谷氨酸杂质 L-谷氨酸 L-谷氨酸杂质 L-谷氨酸价格 α-氨基戊二酸 谷氨酰胺杂质Ⅰ 谷氨酸 |
英文别名 | H-Glu-OH Glutamic Acid L-Glutamic acid L(+)GLUTAMIC ACID L-Glutamine Acid Glutamic Acid (200 mg) L-2-Aminoglutaric acid L-Glutamic Acid (Alpha) L-GLUTAMIC ACID extrapure 4-amino-5-hydroxypentanamide L-GLUTAMIC ACIDRESEARCH GRADE (S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid, Glu L-Glutamic acid, extra pure, Ph Eur, FCC L-Glutamic acid (S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid L-Glutamic acid,(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid, Glu (S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid, Acidum glutamicum, Glu L-Glutamic acid,(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid, Acidum glutamicum, Glu |
CAS | 56-86-0 |
EINECS | 200-293-7 |
化学式 | C5H9NO4 |
分子量 | 147.13 |
InChI | InChI=1/C5H12N2O2/c6-4(3-8)1-2-5(7)9/h4,8H,1-3,6H2,(H2,7,9) |
InChIKey | WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N |
密度 | 1.54 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
熔点 | 205 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
沸点 | 267.21°C (rough estimate) |
比旋光度 | 32 º (c=10,2N HCl) |
闪点 | 207.284°C |
水溶性 | 7.5 g/L (20 ºC) |
蒸汽压 | 0mmHg at 25°C |
JECFA Number | 1420 |
溶解度 | 1 m HCl: 100mg/ml |
折射率 | 1.4300 (estimate) |
酸度系数 | 2.13(at 25℃) |
PH值 | 3.0-3.5 (8.6g/l, H2O, 25℃) |
存储条件 | 2-8°C |
敏感性 | Easily absorbing moisture |
外观 | 粉末 |
颜色 | White |
最大波长(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.1'] |
Merck | 14,4469 |
BRN | 1723801 |
物化性质 | 左旋谷氨酸为白色磷片状晶体。无臭,稍有特殊的滋味和酸味。呈微酸性。 微溶于冷水,易溶于热水,几乎不溶于乙醚、丙酮和冷醋酸中,不溶于乙醇和甲醇。 |
MDL号 | MFCD00002634 |
危险品标志 | Xi - 刺激性物品 |
风险术语 | 36/37/38 - 刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤。 |
安全术语 | S24/25 - 避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。 S36 - 穿戴适当的防护服。 S26 - 不慎与眼睛接触后,请立即用大量清水冲洗并征求医生意见。 |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | LZ9700000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
TSCA | Yes |
海关编号 | 29224200 |
上游原料 | 玉米浆 |
下游产品 | 左旋咪唑 磷酸左旋咪唑 L-谷氨酰胺 |
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于谷氨酸中有不对称碳原子,故形成几种立体异构体,较重要的是左旋谷氨酸(I谷氨酸)和外消旋谷氨酸(d/-谷氨酸),均无毒,其物化性质分述如下。左旋谷氨酸为白色鳞片状晶体。无臭,稍有特殊的滋味和酸味。呈微酸性。微溶于冷水,易溶于热水,几乎不溶于乙醚、丙酮和冷醋酸中,不溶于乙醇和甲醇。200℃升华,247~249℃分解。相对密度1. 538。本品与盐酸作用生成I一谷氨酸盐酸盐,与碱作用生成I一谷氨酸一钠。外消旋谷氨酸为白色结晶。微溶于乙醚、乙醇和石油醚。相对密度(d20)1. 4601。熔点225~227℃(分解)。右旋谷氨酸,由水析出为片状结晶体,熔点247~249℃(分解)。
本品主要用发酵法生产。以糖蜜或淀粉为原料,用谷氨酸棒杆菌,或小球菌,或节杆菌作菌种,以尿素为氮源,在30~32℃下进行发酵,发酵完毕,将发酵液分离出菌体后,用盐酸调节pH值至3.O时,作等电点提取,经分离得谷氨酸结晶,母液中的谷氨酸再经732离子交换树脂提取,经结晶、烘干,得成品。
本品为L-2-氨基戊二酸。按干燥品计算,含C5H9N04 不得少于98.5% 。
取本品,精密称定,加2mol/L盐酸溶液溶解并定量稀释制成每lml中约含70mg的溶液,依法测定(通则0621),比旋度为+ 31.5°至+ 32.5°。
左旋谷氨酸本身为药品,能治疗肝昏迷症,但疗效差。主要用于生产味精、香料,以及用作代盐剂、营养增补剂和生化试剂等。外消旋谷氨酸用于生产药物,也用作生化试剂等。
取本品l.Og,加2mol/L盐酸溶液20ml溶解后,照紫外-可见分光光度法(通则0401),在430nm的波长处测定透光率,不得低于98.0% 。
取本品0.30g,依法检査(通则0801),与标准氯化钠溶液6.0ml制成的对照液比较,不得更浓(0.02% ) 。
取本品0.50g,加稀盐酸2ml和水5ml,振摇使溶解,依法检查(通则0802),与标准硫酸钾溶液1.0ml制成的对照液比较,不得更浓(0.02%).
取本品0.10g,依法检查(通则0808),与标准氯化铵溶液2.0ml制成的对照液比较,不得更深(0.02% ) 。
取本品,加0.5mol/L盐酸溶液溶解并稀释制成每lml中约含1Omg的溶液,作为供试品溶液;精密量取1ml,置200ml量瓶中,用0.5mol/L盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为对照溶液;另取谷氨酸对照品与门冬氨酸对照品各适量,置同一量瓶中,加0.5mol/L盐酸溶液溶解并稀释制成每lml中分别约含谷氨酸IOmg和门冬氨酸0.05mg的溶液,作为系统适用性溶液。照薄层色谱法(通则0502)试验,吸取上述三种溶液各5ul,分别点于同一硅胶G 薄层板上,以正丁醇-水-冰醋酸(2:1:1)为展开剂,展开,晾干,喷以茚三酮的丙酮溶液(1—50),在80°C加热至斑点出现,立即检视。对照溶液应显一个清晰的斑点,系统适用性溶液应显两个完全分离的斑点。供试品溶液如显杂质斑点,其颜色与对照溶液的主斑点比较,不得更深(0.5% ) 。
取本品,在105°C干燥至恒重,减失重量不得过 0.5% (通则 0831)。
取本品l.Og,依法检查(通则0841),遗留残渣不得过0.1% 。
取本品2.0g,加稀盐酸6ml与水适量,加热使溶解,放冷,加水至25ml,依法检查(通则0807),与标准铁溶液1.0ml制成的对照液比较,不得更深(0.0005% ) 。
取炽灼残渣项下遗留的残渣,依法检査(通则0821第二法),含重金属不得过百万分之十。
取本品2.0g,加盐酸5ml和水23ml使溶解,依法检查(通则0822第一法),应符合规定(0.0001% ) 。
取本品,加氯化钠注射液稀释制成每lml中含20mg的溶液,加热使溶解,放冷至37°C,依法检查(通则1142),剂量按家兔体重每lkg注射10ml,应符合规定。(供注射用)
取本品约0.25g,精密称定,加沸水50ml使溶解,放冷,加溴麝香草酚蓝指示液5滴,用氢氧化钠滴定液(0.lmol/L )滴定至溶液由黄色变为蓝绿色。每lml氢氧化钠滴定液(0.lmol/L )相当于 14.71mg的C5H9N04。
氨基酸类药。
遮光,密封保存。
本品含谷氨酸(C5H9N04)应为标示量的95.0%〜105.0% 。
本品为白色片。
取本品10片,精密称定,研细,精密称取适量(约相当于谷氨酸0.4g),加沸水50ml使谷氨酸溶解,放冷,加溴麝香草酚蓝指示液0.5ml,用氢氧化钠滴定液(0.lmol/L)滴定至溶液由黄色变为蓝绿色。每lml氢氧化钠滴定液(0.lmol/L)相当于 14.71mg 的 C5H9N04。
同谷氨酸。
(1)0.3g (2)0.5g
遮光,密封保存。
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